State
Politics
NEW! TMPA
Legislative Alert - 80th Texas Legislature
Code of Criminal Procedure/ Penal Code
Capital Punishment for Sexual Predators of Children
Continuing Sexual Abuse of a Child
Minimum Mandatory Sentence for Child Sex Abuse
Statute of Limitations for Sexual Abuse
No Probation, Parole, or Deferral
Harboring a Person in Violation of Reporting Requirements
Fraudulently Obtain Phone Records
Text Messages as Inappropriate Relationship with Student
Identity Theft
Tampering with a Human Corpse
Notice of Defendant Release or Escape
Human Trafficking
Intoxication Assault/Manslaughter
Theft of Aluminum, Bronze, or Copper
Improper Visual Recordings
Weapons Violations
BMV Enhancements
Provide Victims with Offense Report
Issue Citation for Certain Misdemeanors
Organized Retail Theft
Homeland Security
Castle Doctrine
Family Code
Mandatory Reporting Regarding Family Violence
Government Code
Mandatory Sexual Assault Reporting
Texas Peace Officer ID
Local Government Code
Suspension or Removal of a Deputy Sherriff
Health and Safety Code
Attack Dogs
Occupations Code
Retired Peace Officer Reactivation
F-5 Separation Document
Retired Peace Officer Right to Carry
Transportation Code
Restricted Bus Lanes
Driving While License Invalid
Obscured License Plate
Temporary Vehicle Tags
Sleeping Instructors
Commercial Vehicles
Safety Belts
Dragging the Bottom of the Car on Railroads
Airbag Restrictions
Failing to Stop and Render Aid
Legislative Review - 80th Texas
Legislature
Code
of Criminal Procedure/Penal Code |
HB
8 |
Riddle
Deuell |
Relating
to the prosecution, punishment and supervision
of certain sex offenders and to certain
crime involving sex offenders. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Capital Punishment - 2 nd Offense of Sexual
Assault of Child 6 years old or less or
used force, threat of force, or deadly weapon
to commit sexual assault of a child less
than 14 years of age |
|
Creates the
offense of continual sexual abuse of a child
or children
- In 30 days or more – 2 or more acts
of sexual abuse
- Victim under 14 years of age
- One or more victims
- Actor 17 years or older and victim younger
than 14
- Sexual Abuse Means
- Sexual Assault/Agg Sexual Assault
- Indecency with a Child other than
touching
- Sexual Performance of a Child
- Kidnapping with intent to commit
sexual abuse
- Burglary with intent to commit sexual
abuse
- Defense to prosecution if Actor
- Was not more than 5 years older
than youngest victim
- Did not use force or duress
- Was not required to register
- Did not have a reportable conviction
- 1 st degree felony 25-99 years
Requires a 25 year minimum term of confinement
if the victim was younger than 6 or if the
victim was younger than 14 and the actor
used force, threat or a deadly weapon
Allows the Texas Attorney General to assist
with the investigation and prosecution if
requested
Removes statute of limitations (SL) for
sexual assault of a child (14 or younger),
aggravated sexual assault of a child and
indecency with a child*
Makes SL 20 years from victims 18 th birthday
for
- Sexual Performance of Child
- Agg Kidnapping with intent to commit
sexual assault
- Burglary with intent to commit sexual
assault*
NO Judge Ordered Probation for Sexual Performance
of Child
No Community Supervision for
- Indecency with a child
- Sexual assault (s/a)
- Agg. s/a
- Kidnapping with intent to commit s/a
No deferred adjudication if
- Victim is younger that 6 years of age
- Or victim is younger than 14 and the
actor uses force, threat, or a deadly
weapon
No Parole for
- Indecency with a child
- Sexual Assault of a child
- Sexual Performance of a child
- Continuing Sexual Abuse of Child
Adds the age of the victim to an actors
CCH
Allows for GPS tracking of offenders
Makes harboring a fugitive or a reporting
violation a 3 rd degree felony
Enhances Sexual Performance of a Child
if
- The actor compels or induces the act
and the victim is younger than 14 (1 st
degree felony)
- The actor promotes the performance (distributes
it) and the victim is younger than 14
(2 nd degree felony)
*NOTE: If the statute of limitation had
not yet expired on an offense under this
section, it has not been extended to the
limitation. If the statute of limitation
had already expired, the new limitations
cannot be applied. |
HB
73 |
Flynn
Van De Putte |
Relating
to the protection of customer telephone
records. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Creates an offense if someone fraudulently
obtains personal information from cell phone
records
Misdemeanor A |
HB
95 |
Martinez
Hinojosa |
Relating
to interference with child custody in violation
of a temporary child custody order. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Adds temporary court orders to interference
|
HB
126 |
Delisi
Seliger |
Relating
to the offense of engaging in organized
criminal activity. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Adds possession or use of a dead person’s
ID with the intent to defraud to offense
of fraudulent use of identifying information
Adds tampering with a governmental record
to the offenses that make organized crime
|
HB
184 |
Hochberg
|
Relating
to an exception to consent as a defense
to assaultive conduct. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Can’t use consent to assault if the assault
is related to gang initiation. |
HB
195 |
Gonzalez
Toureilles
Hegar |
Relating
to the transfer of certain abandoned or
forfeited property to county or municipal
agencies. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Allows for the transfer or loan of a vehicle
forfeited between county, municipal, and
school districts |
HB
401 |
Brown,
Betty
Zaffirini |
Relating
to the use of text messages and other electronic
media to commit certain sexual offenses
against minors or certain students. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Adds illicit communications (P.C. 33.021)
to inappropriate relationships between student
and teacher
Adds text messaging to illicit communications
|
HB
413 |
Eissler
Carona |
Relating
to erecting certain signs on certain rights-of-way.
|
|
Effective 9-1-07
The Sheriff or Constable or a designee
may remove an unauthorized sign with an
estimated value of $25 or less without giving
notice |
HB
434 |
Madden
Whitmire |
Relating
to the appointment of certain employees
of the Department of Criminal Justice as
peace officers for certain purposes. |
|
Effective 6-15-07
Creates the a division of peace officer
to manage TCJC related issues |
HB
460 |
Miller
Hegar |
Relating
to the offense of fraudulent use or possession
of a person's identifying information. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Adds deceased person to the list of identifying
information
Enhances the offense as follows
- State Jail Felony if number of identifying
items involved is less than 5
- Felony 3 if number of identifying items
involved is 5 or more but less than 10
- Felony 2 if number of identifying items
involved in 10 but less than 50
- Felony 1 if number of identifying items
is for or more.
|
HB
485 |
Van
Arsdale
Hegar |
Relating
to the collection and amount of restitution
authorized to be collected from persons
with or convicted or certain misdemeanor
offenses. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Allows law enforcement agency that prosecutes
bad checks to collect restitution
Increase maximum restitution to $5,000
|
HB
495 |
Bonnen
Seliger |
Relating
to the punishment for assault of emergency
services personnel. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Adds firefighters, emergency service personnel
and people who work or volunteer to provide
services during an emergency to the enhancements
under assault |
HB
649 |
McCall
Carona |
Relating
to the fraudulent use of child's identifying
information. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Adds “with intent to defraud or harm” and
Possesses identifying information of a
child younger than 18 to fraudulent use
of identifying information (PC 32.51) |
HB
872 |
Otto
Nichols |
Relating
to the prosecution of and punishment for
the offense of tampering with or fabricating
physical evidence. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Enhances tampering with evidence to a 2
nd degree felony if evidence is a human
corpse or remains |
HB
887 |
Giddings
Ellis |
Relating
to the statute of limitations for the offenses
of credit card or debit card abuse and fraudulent
use or possession of identifying information.
|
|
Effective 9-1-07
Makes statute of limitation 7 years for
- Credit or debit card abuse
- Making false statements to obtain credit
- Fraudulent use of identification
|
HB
916 |
Menendez
Van De Putte |
Relating
to the prosecution and punishment of dog
fighting. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Removes language requiring pecuniary benefit
|
HB
946 |
Miller
Whitmire |
Relating
to conduct that constitutes the offense
of endangering a child. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Clarifies the presumption of Endangering
a Child (younger than 15)
- Manufactured, possessed, or in any way
introduced into any person, meth
- Conduct related to a child’s accessibility
or proximity to meth and a blood test
of child showed presence of meth
- Person in anyway introduced a controlled
substance from penalty group 1 while in
care custody or control of a child
Amends Health and Safety Code (see below)
|
HB
959 |
Bonnen
Seliger |
Relating
to the statute of limitations for the offense
of injury to a child. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Extends Statute of Limitation for injury
to a child to 10 years after the child’s
18 th birthday |
HB
963 |
Guillen
R. West |
Relating
to providing notice of the release or escape
of a defendant to certain crime victims
and witnesses in criminal trials. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Adds witness who testify against a defendant
to the automatic notification list of convicts
release or escape
Excepts peace officers |
HB
964 |
Guillen
Hinojosa |
Relating
to allowing certain students to carry a
weapon while en route to and from a law
enforcement class. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Exempts students in a law enforcement academy
from handgun laws if on premises or in route
to or from the premises |
HB
1093 |
Geren
Harris |
Relating
to the offense of funeral service disruption.
|
|
Effective Immediately
Extends the distance for disrupting a funeral
service from 500 to 1,000 feet |
HB
1121 |
Anchia
Van De Putte |
Relating
to judicial findings regarding victims of
trafficking and related offenses. |
|
Effective Immediately
Allows for a judicial finding of human
trafficking
Amends Penal Code 22A.01
- Amends “forced labor” definition
- Specifically include prostitution
- That if a person causes another
to believe that they or someone else
will suffer bodily injury
- That if a person is restrained or
threatened with their restraint of
the restraint of another
- Destroying or withholding the person’s
or another person’s biographical or
government paperwork
- Threatening the person with abuse
of the law?
- Threatening to report a person or
another person to immigration
- Indentured servitude
- Any scheme to make a person submit
to forced labor
|
HB
1212 |
Pierson
Harris |
Relating
to the penalties for intoxication assault
and intoxication manslaughter and to the
sentencing of defendants convicted of those
offenses. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Enhances intoxication assault and intoxication
manslaughter if the victim was a peace officer,
fire fighter, or emergency med tech assisting
a motorist |
HB
1586 |
Flores
Lucio |
Relating
to the creation of the offense of illumination
of an aircraft by intense light. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Offense if person intentionally directs
an intense light at an aircraft and the
light is sufficient to impair the operators
ability
Class C Misdemeanor unless the light actually
impairs the operators ability then it’s
a Class A |
HB
1766 |
Pena
Carona |
Relating
to the punishment for theft of aluminum,
bronze, or copper wiring. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Makes it a state jail felony to steal less
than $20,000 of copper, aluminum or bronze
wire |
HB
1767 |
Pena
Carona |
Relating
to the punishment for criminal mischief
committed by interfering with certain transportation
signs, signals, or devices. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Makes it a Felony 3 to damage a transportation
communication device (theft of wire) if
the damage is less than $100,000 |
HB
1804 |
Gattis
Odgen |
Relating
to the prosecution of the offense of improper
photography or visual recordings. |
|
|
Effective 9-1-07
Amends improper photography
- Broadcasts or transmits a visual image
of a person without the person’s consent
and with the intent to sexual gratify
someone; or
- Photographs a person in a bathroom or
locker room without consent and with intent
to sexual gratify or invade privacy
- Adds broadcasts or transmits the image
if the person knows it fits the statements
above
- States that a sign warning of video
or photography does not establish the
person’s consent
|
HB
1815 |
Isett
Hinojosa |
Relating
to the prosecution of certain offenses that
involve carrying weapons on a person's property
or in a person's vehicle. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Again changes the prohibited weapons statute
related to handguns
Basically a person only commits an offense
if they are carrying a hand gun and they
are not
- On their own premises or in their own
car or walking to their own car
- Carrying a gun in plain view in a car
or while they are involved in another
crime except class C traffic, prohibited
by law from carrying a handgun, or a member
of a criminal street gang
Premises includes any real property or
recreational vehicles include travel trailers
The rest of the exceptions to the statute
remain the same
IT IS NO LONGER ILLEGAL
TO POSSESS ANY KNIFE OR CLUB IN YOUR VEHICLE. |
HB
1887 |
Truitt
Whitmire |
Relating
to the punishment for and prevention of
the offense of burglary of vehicles. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Makes a 2 nd conviction a minimum term
of confinement of 6 months or 1 year community
supervision
3 or more convictions is a state jail felony
Any prior BMV is eligible
for enhancements when bill takes effect |
HB
1988 |
Martinez
Hinojosa |
Relating
to the issuance of a protective order for
a victim of the offense of a sexual assault
or aggravated sexual assault. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Allows a parent or guardian of a child
younger than 17 who is a victim of a sexual
assault to apply for a protective order
for the child
The protective order could last for the
life of the victim or any period decided
on by the court if the court believes there
is a threat of further violence
Otherwise the protective order will last
two years unless the subject of the order
is confined and then it will last one year
from the person’s release
The victim or a person representing the
victim may file an application with the
court to resend a protective order issued
under this statute |
HB
2101 |
Haggerty
Jackson |
Relating
to the authority of a commissioned security
officer to carry certain weapons. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Allows persons properly licensed as a personal
protection officer to carry their firearm
concealed if in actual execution of duties
or in route to or from those duties |
HB
2210 |
Bolton
Ellis |
Relating
to a requirement that a local law enforcement
agency provide the victims of certain offenses
with a copy of the incident report. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
A Peace Officer must make a report for
assault, aggravated assault, sexual assault
and agg. sex assault, and terroristic threat
A law enforcement agency must make a copy
of the report available to the victim at
no cost unless exempt from disclosure under
552 Government Code or some other law
Report must include the name of the suspect
and complainant and the dates, time and
location |
HB
2300 |
Paxton
Hegar |
Relating
to the carrying of weapons by certain judges
and justices and district and county attorneys.
|
|
Effective Immediately
Allows judges, justices, district attorneys,
county attorneys and their assistants to
obtain a concealed carry permit without
taking the class and carry a concealed firearm
Must qualify with a TCLEOSE certified handgun
instructor |
HB
2328 |
Woolley
Whitmire |
Relating
to the offenses of cruelty to livestock
and nonlivestock animals. |
|
Effective 9/1/07
This bill seeks to close loop hole in current
animal abuse statutes that allowed for
- Drowning shelter dogs in crates in the
city sewage tanks
- Burning and mutilating live kittens
- Killing puppies with power lawn mowers
- Staking dogs with no water or food
|
HB
2391 |
Madden
Seliger |
Relating
to the appearance of certain misdemeanor
offenders before a magistrate. |
|
Effective 9/1/07
This bill allows an officer to issue a
citation instead of jailing a person alleged
to have committed the following Class A
or B Misdemeanors
- If the person lives in the county
- If the person is charged with possession
of marijuana
- If the person is charged with criminal
mischief or graffiti
- If the person is charged with Class
B Misdemeanor theft unless it is as an
enhancement (but not class A theft)
- If the person is charged with Class
B Misdemeanor theft of services (but not
class A)
- If the person is charged with contraband
in a correctional facility as a Class
B Misdemeanor
- If the person is charged with driving
while license invalid.
|
HB
2703 |
Woolley
Gallegos |
Relating
to interference with the duties of a public
health professional. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Adds a person responsible for assessing,
enacting, or enforcing public health as
long as the person is
- Investigating a particular site within
the person’s responsibility
- The person is acting in accordance with
the safety policies and procedures of
the site
- Person is performing duties authorized
by the Agricultural Code, Health and Safety
Code, or Water Code
|
HB
2884 |
Dutton
Hinojosa |
Relating
to juvenile delinquency. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Inhaling paint, glue or other items is
conduct in need of supervision
Provides that statute requires a “recorded”
statement, not necessarily a video taped
statement
Requires that a magistrates determination
of “voluntariness” of the statement be written
and signed by the magistrate
Allows the use of pseudonyms for victims
of juvenile crime
Adds the term or changes the definition
of “correctional facility” to the offenses
of permitting or facilitating escape, implements
for escape, improper contact with victim,
and contraband in correctional facilities
Adds that an employee of TDCJ/TYC or local
juvenile probation department can’t have
sex with someone they supervise |
HB
3131 |
Cook,
Robby
Hegar |
Relating
to the issuance of certain search warrants.
|
|
Effective 9-1-07
Allows any magistrate to issue an evidentiary
search warrant if in that county there is
no:
- Judge of a municipal court of record
- County court judge who is an attorney
- Or a statutory court judge
|
HB
3584 |
Pena
Van De Putte |
Relating
to the creation of the offense of organized
retail theft. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Offense if person conducts, promotes, or
facilitates an activity in which the person
receives, possesses, conceals, stores, barters,
sells, or destroys
- Stolen retail merchandise or
- Items they think are stolen retail merchandise
- The value is not less than $1,500
$1,500 to $19,999 – state jail felony
$20,000 to $99,999 – 3 rd degree felony
$100,000 to $199,999 – 2 nd degree felony
$200,000 or more – 1 st degree felony
Offense is enhanced at trail if person
is shown to have managed, financed, organized,
or supervised someone involved in the theft
Offense is enhance at trail if person is
shown to have created a distraction by sounding
an alarm |
HB
3659 |
Dunnam
Ellis |
Relating
to the disclosure of the name of a student
or minor who is involved in an improper
relationship with an educator. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
The name of the person enrolled in school
that was the victim of improper sexual relationship
may not be released and is not open records
|
HB
3672 |
Bohac
Ellis |
Relating
to mobile food units in certain populous
counties. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Adds the written document that a roach
coach is required to obtain to the list
of official government records under tampering
with a government record |
SB
6 |
Zaffirini
Pena |
Relating
to the apprehension, prosecution, and punishment
of individuals committing or attempting
to commit certain sex offenses. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Allows the superintendent of a school to
notify certain personnel if a student is
required to register as a sex offender
Requires internet provides servicing this
state to respond to a subpoena, search warrant,
or other court order that relates to online
solicitation of a minor
Provider must respond within 10 days of
receipt or petition the court to excuse
them from the order, but,
A provider must respond within 2 days if
a the situation is such that a person is
threatened with death or serious bodily
injury
Requires
an internet provider to save all pertinent
information upon the request of a law enforcement
agency pending the execution of a subpoena,
search warrant etc. 90 days with a 90 day
extension
AG will create a database on internet providers
|
SB
11 |
Carona
Corte |
Relating
to homeland security. |
|
Effective Section
by section
Creates the Texas Mutual Aid System
Outlines mechanisms for requesting mutual
aid
Exempts Authorized Emergency Vehicles from
paying tolls (regardless of emergency response)
Defines “police vehicle” as follows
- a vehicle of a governmental entity primarily
used by a peace officer, as defined by
Article 2.12, Code of Criminal Procedure,
for law enforcement purposes.
Certain relief organizations may operate
“emergency vehicles” during disasters
Expands the list of offenses for which
a wiretap may be obtained
- Kidnapping and Agg Kidnapping
- Trafficking of Persons
- Money Laundering in certain cases
Requires that dealer temp tags be searchable
in TCIC
Amends “unauthorized reproduction of a
temporary tag” to include the unauthorized
purchase, use or sale and
- An offense involving a violation of:
(1) Section 503.067(b) [operate
a vehicle with bad temp tag] or (c) [purchase
of bad temp tag] is a Class C misdemeanor;
(2) Section 503.067(d) [sell
or distribute] is a Class A misdemeanor;
(3) Section 503.067(a) [make]
is a state jail felony; and
(4) Section 503.067(b), (c),
or (d) is a state jail felony if the person
who committed the offense criminally conspired
to engage in organized criminal activity.
Allows private universities to commission
peace officers to enforce state law and
local ordinances
- Either on campus or in other locations
if the officers is performing duties assigned
by the school or backing up another officer
Allows a private university (SMU) to inter
into inner-local agreements with municipalities
to provide security services
Gives officer employed under that mutual
agreement the right to appeal discipline
to an independent arbitrator
Makes similar changes to human trafficking
as covered above
Allows a parent or guardian of a child
to obtain information held by law enforcement
relating to the child participation in a
gang
Law enforcement agency may make reasonable
efforts to ensure the identity of the person
Requires public officials (including peace
officers) to take a 3 hour training course
on emergency response and preparedness offered
by the Homeland Security Division |
SB
74 |
Lucio
Guillen |
Relating
to the creation of an address confidentiality
program to assist victims of family violence,
sexual assault, or stalking in maintaining
confidential addresses. |
|
Effective 6-15-07
Allows the AG to set up an address confidentiality
program |
SB
103 |
Hinojosa
|
Relating
to the operations of the Texas Youth Commission.
|
SB
244 |
Williams
Riddle |
Relating
to the temporary sealing of certain affidavits
on which search warrants are based. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Allows for a court to temporarily seal
the affidavit
- In the interest of the victim, witness
or informant or
- Information regarding a court ordered
wiretap that has not concluded
|
SB
378 |
Wentworth
Driver |
Relating
to the use of force or deadly force in defense
of a person. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Provides for the justified use of deadly
force
- To defend a person’s home, place of
business, or vehicle
- If a person unlawfully used force to
enter, or tried to enter
- Or was committing or attempting to commit
agg kidnapping, murder, sexual assault
or agg sexual assault, robbery, or agg
robbery
Castle Doctrine |
SB
563 |
Ogden
|
Relating
to assistance by the attorney general in
the prosecution of certain offenses involving
the unlawful appropriation or misapplication
of state property. |
SB
584 |
Carona
Pena |
Relating
to the issuance or violation of an order
for emergency protection on the basis of
the offense of sexual assault or aggravated
sexual assault. |
|
Effective Immediately
Allows a victim of sexual assault or agg
sexual assault to seek a temporary protective order
|
SB
823 |
Whitmire
Riddle |
Relating
to the interception of or the collection
of other information from certain communications
in an investigation of criminal conduct.
|
|
Effective Immediately
Expands the list of authorized law enforcement
personnel
Sheriff’s Department for a county with
a population of 3.3 million or more
Municipality with a population of 500,000
or more
Agency must create a policy and submit
to the director of DPS for approval
Agency must submit a list of all officer
who are authorized to possess and use wiretapping
equipment
Agency must submit a list of related expenditures
to the DPS and DPS must publish the numbers
The sheriff or chief of a designated agency
may issues an administrative subpoena to
communications companies for records
- Must report the subpoena to DPS
|
SB
877 |
Seliger
Vaught |
Relating
to a limitation on judge-ordered community
supervision for a defendant convicted of
first-degree felony injury to a child. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Prohibits judge ordered community supervision
if convicted of felony 1 injury to a child
|
HB
2112 |
Patrick,
Diane
Hegar |
Relating
to banning handguns and certain other weapons
from parking areas associated with schools
or educational institutions. |
|
|
Effective 9-1-07
Person commits an offense if they intentionally
exhibit, threaten to exhibit, uses or threatens
to use a firearm on any public or private
school premises including any parking facility
Felony 3 |
Family
Code |
|
|
|
|
HB
776 |
Dutton
Janek |
Relating
to the delivery of a child taken into custody
under the juvenile justice system to a school
official. |
|
Effective 9-1-07
Allows peace officer to take a child whom
the officer has arrested to the child’s
school and release the child to a principal
or peace officer |
SB
723 |
Lucio
Rose |
Relating
to requiring that the Department of Family
and Protective Services maintain and report
certain information in connection with the
placement of children. |
|
Effective Immediately
Peace Officer who handles a disturbance
call that may involve family violence shall
- Determine if the parties involved live
at a registered foster home
- Within 24 hours, make a report to CPS
if either the address of the family violence
call or the address of the persons involved
matches that of a registered foster home
CPS and DPS are working out how to put
the addresses on TCIC |
SB
758 |
Nelson
|
Relating
to child protective services. |
|
Effective Immediately
Creates the offense of operating a day
care facility without a qualified director
(Class B) |
Government
Code |
|
SB
1709 |
|